AI geopolitics
The contest between states over who controls the technology stack that trains and runs frontier AI — chips, data, talent, and the rules that govern access to each.
States have concluded that frontier AI capability translates into economic and military advantage, so they are now competing over the inputs that produce it: advanced semiconductors, the equipment to make them, the researchers who design them, and the governance rules that determine who can buy or build what. The contest plays out through export controls, industrial subsidies, talent visa policy, and competing standards bodies. The hard part is that the technology stack crosses borders — a chip designed in the US is fabricated in Taiwan on Dutch equipment — so no single state controls the whole chain, and each policy move creates workarounds the next rule has to close.
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China's diffusion bet
A JPMorgan report argues the US still owns the frontier while China races to embed AI everywhere first — and that China's famous price advantage largely evaporates once you control for quality.
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